Multiphysics Analysis of CFRP Charpy Tests by varying Temperatures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21152/1750-9548.14.2.143Abstract
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites have emerged as a major class of structural materials that have a significant potential use as a substitute for metals in aerospace, marine, automotive, and architecture due to their higher-strength-to-weight-ratio. CFRP is well suited for various applications, but their mechanical properties such as ‘low-velocity impact resistance’ are not well studied. In this study, the low-velocity impact resistance of CFRP woven composite was investigated with the help of Charpy impact tests. The CFRP samples were tested at room temperature (22°C) and at low temperature (-20°C). The experimental results indicated about 10% drop in energy-absorbing capability of CFRP samples at low temperatures in comparison to room temperature. The experimental results obtained for the room temperature were validated through finite element simulations using ANSYS® Workbench Explicit Dynamics. The mesh sensitivity analysis was performed to improve the accuracy of the finite element model. The numerical results helped to narrow down on the CFRP material properties that changed with temperature drop. It was found at -20°C, orthotropic Elasticity (Young’s moduli in three mutually perpendicular directions) increases for CFRP woven composite as compared to room temperature (22°C), however the CFRP become brittle and there is a significant drop in their toughness. The current outcomes are useful for applications using CFRP under impact loading at low temperatures.
References
Hong, S. W. et al. 2013, Charpy Impact Fracture Characteristics of CFRP Composite Materials According to Variations of Fiber Array Direction and Temperature, International Journal Of Precision Engineering And Manufacturing, Vol. 14: No. 2, p. 253-258, Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-013-0035-9
Khawaja, H., Moatamedi, M., Selection of High Performance Alloy for Gas Turbine Blade Using Multiphysics Analysis. 2016, 8(1), pp. 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1260/1750-9548.8.1.91
Roylance, D., Mechanical properties of materials, 2008, accessed on 1.2.2020, http://web.mit.edu/course/3/3.225/book.pdf
Dutta, P.K., 1988, Behavior of materials at cold regions temperatures Part 1: Program rationale and test plan, 1988, US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research & Engineering Lab. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada199566
Strand, C., Andleeb, Z., Khawaja, H., Moatamedi, M. Multiphysics Impact Analysis of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Shell. Materials Research Proceedings, 2019, 13, pp. 115-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900338-20
Khawaja, H., Moatamedi, M. Multiphysics Investigation of Composite Shell Structures Subjected to Water Shock Wave Impact in Petroleum Industry. Materials Science Forum, 2013, 767, pp. 60-67. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.767.60
Khawaja, H., Kapaya, J., Moatamedi, M. Shock Tube; Detail overview of equipment and instruments in the shock tube experimental setup. Lambert Academic Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-3-8473-3876-5.
WU, W et al. Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Typical CFRP Laminate Under High Impact Compressive Loads. The International Journal of Multiphysics, 2018, 12(1), pp.57-78. https://doi.org/10.21152/1750-9548.12.1.57
Khawaja, H., Bertelsen, T. A., Andreassen, R., Moatamedi, M. Study of CRFP Shell Structures under Dynamic Loading in Shock Tube Setup. Journal of Structures, 2014, 487809. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/487809
Khawaja, H., Messahel, R., Souli, M., Al-Bahkali, E., Moatamedi, M. Fluid solid interaction simulation of CFRP shell structure. Mathematics in Engineering, Science and Aerospace (MESA) 2017, 8(3), pp. 311 – 324.
Khawaja, H. A., Messahel, R., Ewan, B., Mhamed, S., and Moatamedi, M, Experimental and Numerical Study of Pressure in a Shock Tube. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology-Transactions of the ASME, 2016, 138(4): p. 041301. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4031591
Arora, H et al. Modelling the behaviour of composite sandwich structures when subject to air-blast loading. The International Journal of Multiphysics, 2016, 6(3), pp. 197-217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1750-9548.6.3.199
Tanguy, B., Besson, J., Piques, R., Pineau, A. Ductile to brittle transition of an A508 steel characterized by Charpy impact test: Part I: Experimental results. Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 2005 Jan 1; 72(1), pp.49-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2004.03.010
Tronskar, J. P., Mannan, M A., Lai, MO. Measurement of fracture initiation toughness and crack resistance in instrumented Charpy impact testing. Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 2002 Feb 1; 69(3), pp. 321-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7944(01)00077-7
Toshiro, K., Isamu, Y., Mitsuo, N. Evaluation of dynamic fracture toughness parameters by instrumented Charpy impact test. Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 1986, 1; 24(5):773-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(86)90249-3
Tanks, J., S. Sharp, and D. Harris. 2016, Charpy impact testing to assess the quality and durability of unidirectional CFRP rods. Polymer Testing, 2016, 51, pp. 63-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.02.009
Dahmen, K.A., Ben-Zion, Y., Uhl, JT. Micromechanical model for deformation in solids with universal predictions for stress-strain curves and slip avalanches. Physical review letters. 2009, 102(17):175501. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.102.175501
Wong, CP., Bollampally, RS. Thermal conductivity, elastic modulus, and coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer composites filled with ceramic particles for electronic packaging. Journal of applied polymer science, 1999, 74(14): 3396-403. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19991227)74:14<3396::aid-app13>3.0.co;2-3
Stange, E., Andleeb, Z., Khawaja, H. Qualitative visualization of the development of stresses through infrared thermography. Vestnik of MSTU (Вестник МГТУ), 2019, 22(4): pp. 503-507. https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2019-22-4-503-507
Stange, E., Andleeb, Z., Khawaja, H., Moatamedi, M. Multiphysics Study of Tensile Testing using Infrared thermography. The International Journal of Multiphysics, 2019, 13(2): pp. 191 - 202. https://doi.org/10.21152/1750-9548.13.2.191
Khawaja, H. Application of a 2-D approximation technique for solving stress analyses problem in FEM. The International Journal of Multiphysics, 2015, 9(4), pp. 317 - 324. https://doi.org/10.1260/1750-9548.9.4.317
Gibson, R. F. 2016, Principles of Composite Material Mechanics, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill.
Xue, H., Khawaja, H. Analytical and Case Studies of a Sandwich Structure using Euler Bernoulli Beam Equation. Mathematics in Engineering, Science and Aerospace (MESA), 2016, 7(4), pp. 599 - 612. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4972668
Brown, M W., Miller, K J. A theory for fatigue failure under multiaxial stress-strain conditions. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1973, 187(1), pp. 745-755. https://doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1973_187_161_02
Explicit dynamics, 2019, ANSYS, accessed on 1.2.2020, https://www.ansys.com//media/ansys/corporate/resourcelibrary/brochure/ansys-explicit-dynamics-brochure-140.pdf
ANSYS Workbench User’s Guide, ANSYS, Inc., 2019
Engineering simulation platform, ANSYS, accessed on 1.2.2020, https://www.ansys.com/products/Platform
Allred and Associates Inc – Company, accessed on 1.2.2020, http://dragonplate.com/sections/company.asp
Allred and Associates Inc – Product, accessed on 1.2.2020, http://dragonplate.com/ecart/product.asp?pID=5749&cID=201
Bader, M. G., R.M.E. 1974, The effect of notches and specimen geometry on the pendulum impact strength of uniaxial CFRP. Composites, pp. 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(74)90365-6
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2020 Z Andleeb, C Strand, S Malik, G Hussain, H Khawaja, G Boiger, M Moatamedi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.