Role of Ultrasound in Follow Up of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device

Abstract

Intrauterine contraceptive devices are safe, effective, reversible, and long-acting contraceptive methods that require accurate follow-up to confirm proper intrauterine position and detect possible complications. Ultrasound plays an essential role in the assessment of IUCD position, malposition, expulsion, embedment, and perforation. Although two-dimensional transvaginal sonography is commonly used for IUCD evaluation, it may be limited in visualizing the side arms and exact relationship of the device to the endometrial cavity. Three-dimensional transvaginal sonography provides a reconstructed coronal view of the uterus, allowing better visualization of the entire IUCD, especially the shaft and both arms, and improves detection of subtle malposition, embedment, and uterine cavity abnormalities. This mini-review highlights the role of ultrasound, particularly 3D transvaginal sonography, in the follow-up and evaluation of copper IUCD position and related complications.