Triglyceride–Glucose Index and Related Parameters in Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis: A Review

Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as the most prevalent chronic liver condition worldwide, closely intertwined with insulin resistance, central obesity, and dyslipidemia. The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, derived from fasting triglyceride and glucose measurements, has gained attention as a simple, cost-effective surrogate marker of insulin resistance with potential diagnostic utility across the MASLD spectrum. Composite indices incorporating anthropometric parameters TyG–BMI, TyG–WC, and TyG–WHR may further enhance this utility by capturing the compounding metabolic burden of obesity. This review examines the physiological basis, validation evidence, and clinical applicability of TyG-related parameters in the diagnosis of MASLD and hepatic fibrosis.