An Overview on Postoperative Pain after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Abstract

Postoperative pain remains one of the most common complications following laparoscopic cholecystectomy despite the minimally invasive nature of the procedure. The origin of this pain is multifactorial and may include somatic pain from trocar insertion sites, visceral pain related to pneumoperitoneum, and referred shoulder pain due to diaphragmatic irritation. Several physiological, surgical, and patient-related factors influence the intensity and duration of postoperative pain. Understanding the mechanisms of pain transmission and the risk factors associated with postoperative discomfort is essential for improving perioperative pain control strategies. Recent advances in multimodal analgesia, regional anesthesia techniques, and enhanced recovery protocols have contributed to better pain management and improved patient outcomes. This review discusses the physiology of pain, mechanisms responsible for postoperative pain after laparoscopic procedures, associated risk factors, and current strategies for prevention and management.