Retained Placenta in Third Stage of Labour: Epidemiology, Risk factors and Management

Abstract

Retained placenta is a significant obstetric complication characterized by failure of placental expulsion during the third stage of labor. It remains a major contributor to postpartum hemorrhage and maternal morbidity worldwide. The condition may result from failure of placental separation or incomplete expulsion after separation. Its incidence ranges from 0.1% to 3% of deliveries, with higher risk observed in cases of preterm delivery, prior uterine surgery, multiparity, and prolonged labor. The underlying mechanism is closely related to impaired retro-placental myometrial contraction, which is essential for placental detachment. Early recognition and appropriate management are critical to prevent severe complications such as hemorrhage and infection.