An Overview on Ilizarov External Fixation

Abstract

Background: Ilizarov external fixation is a well-established technique in orthopedic surgery for the management of complex fractures and limb reconstruction. It is particularly valuable in high-energy tibial plateau fractures associated with severe comminution and compromised soft tissue conditions, where internal fixation may not be feasible. The method is based on the principles of distraction osteogenesis and ligamentotaxis, allowing for stable fixation, gradual deformity correction, and preservation of the biological environment for bone healing. Its biomechanical properties provide a balance between stability and controlled micromotion, which enhances callus formation and fracture consolidation. Over the years, the Ilizarov technique has evolved into a versatile tool used not only for fracture management but also for deformity correction, nonunion treatment, and limb lengthening.