An Overview on Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Avulsion Fractures

Abstract

Background: Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are uncommon knee injuries that typically occur following high-energy trauma such as dashboard injuries or sports-related mechanisms. Despite their relatively low incidence, these injuries are clinically significant due to their association with posterior knee instability and long-term functional impairment if not properly managed. The aim of the review Was to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence regarding the etiology, classification, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, management strategies, and rehabilitation protocols of PCL avulsion fractures.PCL avulsion fractures most commonly affect young, active individuals and are frequently associated with high-energy trauma. Imaging modalities, particularly CT and MRI, play a crucial role in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. While conservative management may be appropriate for minimally displaced fractures, surgical fixation remains the preferred approach for displaced injuries. Recent advances in arthroscopic and minimally invasive techniques have demonstrated improved functional outcomes, reduced morbidity, and faster recovery compared to traditional open methods. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to achieve optimal outcomes in PCL avulsion fractures. Surgical intervention, especially using arthroscopic techniques, is considered the standard of care for displaced fractures. Structured postoperative rehabilitation is crucial for restoring knee stability and function while minimizing complications.