Physical Activity and Depression in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory systemic disease that primarily affects synovial joints, functional impairment, and a lower quality of life. In addition to its physical burden, RA is commonly linked with major psychological comorbidities, particularly depression, which affects a large proportion of patients and correlates to poorer clinical outcomes, increased disease activity, and lower treatment adherence. The coexistence of RA and depression is caused by complicated bidirectional connections between inflammatory pathways, neuroendocrine abnormalities, and psychosocial stresses. Physical activity (PA), which is defined as any physiological action that requires energy expenditure, is becoming more acknowledged as an important therapeutic and preventive strategy in chronic diseases. PA is essential for patients with RA because it reduces inflammation, improves joint function, improves cardiovascular and metabolic health, and relieves fatigue. Furthermore, physical activity has significant psychological advantages by alleviating depressed symptoms via neurobiological, behavioral, and social pathways. Understanding the significance of PA in the setting of RA and its accompanying depression is critical for improving patient outcomes and devising comprehensive management plans.