An Overview on Prophylactic Sub-Cutaneous Drain

Abstract

Sternal wound infection (SWI) remains one of the most serious complications following median sternotomy in cardiac surgery, particularly among high-risk patients such as those with obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal impairment, or prolonged operative time. Fluid accumulation in the subcutaneous tissue, including hematoma and seroma formation, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of surgical site infections. Prophylactic subcutaneous drainage has been proposed as a preventive strategy aimed at reducing dead space and evacuating fluid collections to minimize infection risk.