Role of Saline Irrigation in Cesarean Sections

Abstract

Saline irrigation using isotonic 0.9% sodium chloride solution is widely practiced in surgical wound management due to its safety, availability, and physiological compatibility with body tissues. Its primary role is mechanical cleansing through removal of debris, necrotic tissue, and reduction of microbial burden while maintaining a moist environment that supports wound healing. Despite its routine use across surgical specialties, including obstetrics and gynecology, the clinical effectiveness of saline irrigation—particularly in reducing surgical site infections—remains controversial. Evidence from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews has yielded inconsistent results, especially in cesarean sections, where benefits appear limited to reduction of seroma and hematoma rather than definitive infection prevention. This review summarizes the physiological rationale, mechanisms of action, surgical applications, and current evidence regarding the use of saline irrigation, with a special focus on obstetric and gynecologic practice.