An Overview on Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization

Abstract

Corneal neovascularization (CN) is a pathological process characterized by the invasion of new blood vessels into the normally avascular cornea, leading to loss of corneal transparency, chronic inflammation, lipid deposition, and potential visual impairment. It commonly develops secondary to inflammation, infection, hypoxia, trauma, limbal stem cell deficiency, or corneal transplantation. CN represents a major risk factor for graft rejection and poor visual outcomes. Over the past years, advances in the understanding of angiogenic mechanisms have led to the development of multiple medical and surgical treatment modalities targeting both newly formed and mature corneal vessels.