An Overview on Management of Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Abstract

Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) represents an aggressive form of urothelial carcinoma characterized by a high risk of progression, metastasis, and disease-specific mortality. It accounts for approximately one-third of newly diagnosed bladder cancers and remains a major therapeutic challenge. The optimal management of MIBC requires a multidisciplinary approach integrating surgery, systemic chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection remains the gold standard for localized disease, while bladder-preserving trimodality therapy offers a potential alternative for selected patients. Recent advances in neoadjuvant chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and molecular profiling have further refined treatment strategies and improved survival outcomes.