Controlled Hypotension in Patients During Lumbar Fixation Surgery
Keywords:
Controlled hypotension; deliberate hypotension; intraoperative blood loss; anesthesia management; surgical outcomes; patient safety; hemodynamic stability; intraoperative monitoring.Abstract
Controlled hypotension is a deliberate and reversible reduction of arterial blood pressure induced during surgery to minimize intraoperative blood loss, improve visualization of the surgical field, and reduce the need for blood transfusion. It is commonly employed in procedures such as orthopedic, neurosurgical, and ENT surgeries where excessive bleeding may obscure the surgical site. Despite its benefits, controlled hypotension requires careful patient selection and monitoring due to the risks of hypoperfusion, tissue ischemia, and postoperative complications. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and outcomes of controlled hypotension in surgical patients, focusing on hemodynamic stability, blood loss reduction, transfusion requirements, and recovery profiles.