Role of Platelet Rich Plasma in Peripheral Nerve Repair

Abstract

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) represent a significant clinical challenge, often resulting in impaired sensory and motor function, chronic pain, and long-term disability. Despite advances in microsurgical techniques, full functional recovery remains suboptimal in many cases. This has led to the exploration of adjunct therapies that can enhance the regenerative process. One promising approach is the use of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), an autologous concentrate of platelets suspended in a small volume of plasma. PRP is rich in growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-bدeta (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), all of which play crucial roles in tissue healing, angiogenesis, and nerve regeneration. These bioactive molecules can stimulate Schwann cell proliferation, enhance axon growth, and reduce inflammation and apoptosis, creating a more favorable microenvironment for nerve repair. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that PRP application—whether as an injection, gel, or scaffold—can accelerate nerve regeneration, improve functional outcomes, and reduce recovery time when used alongside surgical repair or grafting techniques. As a biocompatible, cost-effective, and minimally invasive therapy, PRP holds considerable potential in the management of PNIs. However, further research is needed to optimize its formulation, dosing, and delivery methods to maximize clinical efficacy.