Effects of integrated Physical Activity and Cognitive Training on Executive Function in Older Adults

Abstract

Background: Executive functions encompass a set of cognitive processes, primarily governed by the prefrontal cortex, that are essential for purposeful, goal-directed behavior.

Aim: This study aimed to effects of integrated physical activity and cognitive training on executive function in older adult.

Design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized.

Setting: The study was conducted in Shobera El Nakhla, a randomly selected rural area in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.

Sample: The sample consisted of 100 older adults, and a multistage random sampling technique was employed.

Tools: Data were collected using four tools: Structured interview questionnaire, The Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS), the Cognitive and Leisure Activity Scale (CLAS), and The Executive Skills Questionnaire.

Results: The findings revealed statistically significant improvements among participants following the intervention. The proportion of participants with good physical activity levels increased from 10% to 52%, cognitive training ratings improved from 16% to 62%, and executive function scores rose from 15% to 68%. Additionally, a highly significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) was observed among physical activity, cognitive training, and executive functions both before and after the intervention.

Conclusion: The combined physical activity and cognitive training intervention was effective in enhancing executive functions among older adults.

 Recommendations: The combined intervention should be applied continuously in the current study setting and expanded to similar environments to assess its long-term sustainability and to support evidence-based aging care.