High Rise Building Retrofitting Optimization Against Wind Loads: A Review

Abstract

The purpose of this review paper is to discuss development studies and problems in upgrading tall buildings for increased resilience against wind loads. With the growing frequency of strong wind occurrences, it is critical to understand the impact of wind load on the structural integrity of these buildings. This work thoroughly examines wind load types, the impacts accompanying such loads, and dynamic factors such as vibrations and sway that may affect the stability of the buildings. Innovative retrofitting approaches, including structural reinforcements, tuned mass dampers (TMDs), and facade alterations, have been used to mitigate the negative effects of wind. There is a strong focus on cutting-edge materials such as fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and smart materials that promise improved performance and adaptability. Iconic skyscrapers such as Taipei 101, Burj Khalifa, and One World Trade Center serve as examples of case studies. These buildings demonstrate the utility of these retrofitting efforts in terms of wind resistance and structural safety. Emerging developments in computational tools, predictive modeling, and the incorporation of smart systems are also addressed in the context of future retrofitting solutions. Thus, this analysis finishes with an emphasis on sustainable practices and the ability of resilient retrofitting to satisfy high-rise building performance targets in the face of more severe wind events. The study provides a detailed perspective on the rapidly expanding area of renovating tall buildings to improve wind resistance while maintaining long-term structural integrity.