Design and Simulation of Optimized Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Metamaterial Media for Cellular Mobile Communication Systems

Abstract

This study aims to introduce a new type of microstrip antenna with coupled feed by developing a CSSR structure in the ground plane. Over the past few years, the use of microstrip antennas has become popular due to their low-cost technology and easy fabrication. However, microstrip antennas have many operational limitations and there is potential room for improvement based on the presented structures. First, a square patch microstrip antenna was simulated and the results showed limited resonance and unacceptable gain. Further simulation was performed by embedding two metamaterial resonators in the ground plane. According to the simulation results, the placement coordinates of the resonators have a significant impact on the antenna resonance. Subsequently, some changes were made to the antenna feed and the results were fully described. Finally, by deploying four resonators on the ground plane and using an coupled feed, the resonance of the proposed antenna was in the range (7.5, 7.3). This quantity is defined in the C-band radar frequency domain, and the main use of such a band has become dominant by default in military radars. Resonances in the intervals (3.75, 3.6) and (9.8, 10) are defined in the 5G mid-band and X-band, respectively. Also, the miniaturization process in the dimensions of the antenna has been achieved compared to previous research and the antenna gain has been improved. The simulation results of the proposed antenna in HFSS and CST software are consistent with each other. As a result, the fabricated and tested antenna exhibits the represented frequency response.