Geochemical and Hydrochemical Assessment of Clastic Sediments in Southwestern Iran: A Case Study of Deposits in the Omidiyeh Region, Khuzestan Province

Abstract

Geochemical and Hydrochemical Assessment of Clastic Sediments in Southwestern Iran: A Case Study of Deposits in the Omidiyeh Region, Khuzestan Province

This study provides a comprehensive geochemical and hydrochemical analysis of alluvial fan sediments in the Omidiyeh region, Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran. Alluvial fans, formed at the base of mountains, are crucial for groundwater accumulation and mineral resource extraction. In this research, 120 sediment samples from various alluvial fan locations were collected and analyzed for their petrographic and geochemical properties. Petrographic analysis revealed that the sediments are predominantly composed of quartz, feldspar, and lithic fragments, classifying them as lithoarenites. Geochemical investigations identified calcium oxide (CaO), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and magnesium oxide (MgO) as the most abundant oxides in the samples. Rare earth elements such as neodymium (Nd), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), and cerium (Ce) were found in significant concentrations. Additionally, the study explored the correlation between aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and other oxides, showing positive relationships with iron oxide (Fe2O3), potassium oxide (K2O), magnesium oxide (MgO), and titanium dioxide (TiO2), suggesting an association with phyllosilicates and heavy minerals. Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater in the region revealed elevated levels of chlorine (Cl), nickel (Ni), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg), indicating potential contamination from oil pollution and geological sources. The study also highlighted concerns over water hardness and dissolved salts, attributed to industrial and agricultural activities. Overall, this research enhances our understanding of alluvial fan dynamics and provides valuable insights for environmental, mineralogical, agricultural, and urban risk assessments. The findings offer a model for similar studies worldwide, helping to address environmental and resource management challenges in comparable regions.