Investigating the Association between Hypertension and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective: To systematically review existing literature to investigate the potential association between hypertension (HTN) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).  

Methods: A thorough search across four databases identified 80 relevant publications. After removing duplicates using Rayyan QCRI and screening for relevance, 93 full-text articles were reviewed, with eight studies ultimately meeting the criteria for inclusion.

Results: We included eight studies with a total of 10979 patients diagnosed with COPD, and most of them 7029 (64%) were males. The prevalence of HTN among COPD patients ranged from 17.8% to 60.7% with a total prevalence of 4471 (40.7%). HTN is commonly observed in COPD patients, particularly in those over 40, smokers, and individuals with a history of HTN. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were elevated in COPD patients, with non-smokers also showing increased rates of HTN. Inflammatory markers, such as the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index, were significantly associated with the coexistence of these conditions, suggesting that inflammation plays a key role.

Conclusion: This review highlights a strong association between HTN and COPD, with systemic inflammation likely playing a key role in the coexistence of these conditions. The findings emphasize the importance of integrated management approaches that address both respiratory and cardiovascular health in COPD patients. While the evidence points to a significant overlap between the two conditions, further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship and identify the most effective interventions for managing this comorbidity.