A Literature Review on Multifunctional Integrated Antenna Systems for Cognitive Radio Applications

Abstract

This study presents a thorough report on the development, design concept, and actual realization of multifunctional antennas (MFA). Originally developed as a clever way to counteract poor spectrum utilization through opportunistic spectrum allocation policies, MFAs are now an essential part of many contemporary wireless applications, including software-defined radio (SDR) environments and multi-standard radios (CR). Multiple radiating components on a shared substrate are used in traditional MFA realizations, which increases design constraints related to mitigating/reducing parasitic coupling and spurious impacts of the rotational arrangements needed for actuating diverse radiating elements. This study reports on a recent research contribution on the design of MFAs using a single UWB radiating element.

This paper provides comparative Analysis of antennas system for Time and Frequency Division Spectrum Sensing Frameworks in Cognitive Radio Network application. In Time Division Spectrum Sensing Frameworks (TDSSF), it would consist of only one antenna that performs both sensing & communication functions. In TDSSF technique, there is discontinuity and interruption in data transmission due to sensing period in the frame.  Reconfigurable antennas or Tunable antenna are used in TDSSF technique. Frequency Division Spectrum Sensing Frameworks (FDSSF) allows simultaneous spectrum sensing and data transmission over the complete spectrum for full frame duration. Multi-port antennas are used in FDSSF Technique. In FDSSF technique, one UWB antenna is used for continuously sensing and other NB antennas are used for data transmission. Theses antennas system may be used for public safety wireless communication, marine radio navigation, X-band satellite communication, mid-band 5G, ISM/WLAN/Military applications, and C-band operations